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- NATION, Page 40The $70 Billion Sellout
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- How the big-money boys cleaned up on the thrift rescues
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- Talk about adding insult to injury. As if the initial S&L
- scandal were not outrageous enough, the government reports
- that, thanks to sweetheart deals handed to federally subsidized
- fat cats, the bailout program will cost taxpayers tens of
- billions more than it might have.
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- The worst examples of government ineptitude concern 97
- packages hurriedly thrown together in 1988 to shore up
- collapsing thrifts, many of them in the Southwest. Last week
- the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC) reported its findings
- on how this first wave of bailouts was handled. Among its
- conclusions: the transactions were so poorly designed and
- generous that they allowed investors to reap billions that could
- have been saved had Congress and the Reagan-Bush
- Administration been willing to cough up more money up front.
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- In 1988 the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
- was desperate. Losses at the federally insured thrifts whose
- deposits it guaranteed were running out of control. But neither
- Congress nor the Reagan-Bush White House was willing in the
- midst of an election to force an up-front resolution. Danny M.
- Wall, who oversaw the FSLIC, sought investors from outside the
- S&L business to pump new capital into the failures but by
- September had made just 35 deals.
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- Wall was facing a deadline. On Dec. 31, the enormously
- generous tax benefits that could attract new investors would
- expire. So he mounted a closeout sale, adding profit guarantees
- and other subsidies for all comers. The big-money boys came
- running. In just four months, his agency unloaded some 114
- shattered thrifts -- 71 in December alone -- at a cost to
- taxpayers calculated at nearly $70 billion.
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- Among those who took advantage of the year-end sale were
- some of the savviest business minds in the country: former
- Treasury Secretary William Simon, former Commerce Secretary
- Peter Peterson, Revlon chairman Ronald Perelman and financier
- Robert Bass. Simon was assisted in his low-cost purchase of a
- $1 billion California thrift by Preston Martin, who served as
- vice chairman of the Federal Reserve Board from 1982 to 1986.
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- The RTC criticized federal officials who built in financial
- cushions so generous that they acted as counterincentives to
- swift resolutions of the thrifts' problems. While investors
- were able to apply their new tax write-offs to other
- businesses, for example, some of the deals did not require them
- to provide adequate capital to support the faltering
- institutions.
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- Still, the RTC found that as much as $4 billion can be pared
- from the cost of those transactions, mostly by prepaying notes
- and taking back bad assets. Trouble is, it will take $18
- billion to $20 billion in operating cash to do it. And it may
- push 17 of the shakier institutions back into insolvency. As
- before, a political unwillingness to face the true magnitude
- of bailing out the thrifts, and put up the money for it, means
- that the costs will remain obscured -- and will probably
- continue to rise.
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- By Janice Castro. Reported by Gisela Bolte/Washington and
- Richard Woodbury/Houston.
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